Animal Hybrid Animal Hybrid Tiger and Lion Baby

Crossbreed between any of the four family Felidae members

A Panthera hybrid is a crossbreed between any of five species—tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard and snowfall leopard—in captivity. Most hybrids would not be perpetuated in the wild as males are usually infertile. Mitochondrial genome enquiry revealed that wild hybrids were likewise present in aboriginal times. The mitochondrial genomes of snow leopard and lion were more similar to each other than to other Panthera species, indicating that at some bespeak in their history, the female progeny of male ancestors of modern snowfall leopards and female ancestors of modern lions interbred with male ancestors of modern snow leopards.^{[one] [2]}

History [edit]

In theory, lions and tigers tin can be matched in the wild and give offspring, only in reality there may exist no natural built-in tigon or liger in the world, considering they are separated by behavioral differences and geographic differences.^[3] In England, African lions and Asian tigresses have been successfully mated, and 3 panthera leo-tiger hybrid cubs were born in Windsor in 1824, which is probably the earliest tape, the three cubs were then presented to George IV.

Table of names for hybrids [edit]

Below are some tables showing the many Panthera hybrids.^[iv] Panthera hybrids are typically given a portmanteau name, varying past which species is the sire (male parent) and which is the dam (female person parent). For case, a hybrid between a lion and a tigress is a liger, because the lion is the begetter and the tigress is the female parent.

	Tigress ♀	Lioness ♀	Jaguaress ♀	Leopardess ♀
Tiger ♂	Tiger ♂ Tigress ♀	Tigon ♂ Tigoness ♀	Tiguar ♂ Tiguaress ♀	Tigard ♂ Tigardess ♀
Lion ♂	Liger ♂ Ligress ♀	Lion ♂ Lioness ♀	Liguar ♂ Liguaress ♀	Lipard ♂ Lipardess ♀
Jaguar ♂	Jagger ♂ Jaggress ♀	Jaglion ♂ Jaglioness ♀	Jaguar ♂ Jaguaress ♀	Jagupard ♂ Jagupardess ♀
Leopard ♂	Leoger ♂ Leogress ♀	Leopon ♂ Leoponess ♀	Leguar ♂ Leguaress ♀	Leopard ♂ Leopardess ♀

Jaguar and leopard hybrids [edit]

A jagupard, jagulep or jagleop is the hybrid of a jaguar and a leopardess. A single rosetted female jagupard was produced at a zoo in Chicago (America). Jaguar-leopard hybrids bred at Hellbrun Zoo, Salzburg were described as jagupards, which conforms to the usual portmanteau naming convention.^[5]

A leguar or lepjag is the hybrid of a male leopard and a female person jaguar. The terms jagulep and lepjag are often used interchangeably, regardless of which animal was the sire. Numerous lepjags take been bred as brute actors, as they are more than tractable than jaguars.

A.D. Bartlett ^[vi] stated: "I have more than one time met with instances of the male jaguar (P. onca) breeding with a female leopard (P. pardus). These hybrids were also reared recently in Wombell'due south well known travelling collection. I have seen some animals of this kind bred between a male black jaguar and a female Indian leopard:-the young partook strongly of the male being almost blackness."

In Barnabos Menagerie (in Spain), a jaguar gave birth to 2 cubs from a union with a black leopard; 1 resembled the dam, merely was somewhat darker, the other was black with the rosettes of the dam showing.^[7] Since melanism in the panther (leopard) is recessive, the jaguar would either take been black or be a jaguar-black leopard hybrid itself, carrying the recessive factor. Scherren continued, "The aforementioned cantankerous, but with the sexes reversed, was noted, by Professor Sacc (F) of Barcelona Zoo (Zoolog. Gart., 1863, 88) "The cub a female was greyness: she is said to have produced two cubs to her sire; 1 like a jaguar, the other like the dam. Herr Rorig expressed his regret that the account of the final two cases mentioned lacked fullness and precision."

Female jaguleps or lepjags are fertile, and when one is mated to a male king of beasts, the offspring are referred to as lijaguleps. One such complex hybrid was exhibited in the early 1900s as a "Congolese spotted panthera leo", hinting at some exotic African fauna, rather than a man-made hybrid.

Jaguar and lion hybrids [edit]

Jaguar/lion hybrid, Rothschild Museum, Tring

A jaglion or jaguon is the offspring between a male jaguar and a female lion (lioness). A mounted specimen is on display at the Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum, Hertfordshire, England. It has the lion'due south background color, brown, jaguar-like rosettes and the powerful build of the jaguar.

On April ix, 2006, two jaglions were born at Bear Creek Wildlife Sanctuary, Barrie (north of Toronto), Ontario, Canada. Jahzara (female person) and Tsunami (male) were the upshot of an unintended mating between a black jaguar called Diablo and a lioness called Lola, which had been hand-raised together and were inseparable. They were kept apart when Lola came into estrus. Tsunami is spotted, but Jahzara is a melanistic jaglion due to inheriting the jaguar's dominant melanism factor. It was not previously known how the jaguar's dominant melanism cistron would interact with king of beasts coloration genes.

A liguar is an offspring of a male lion and a female person jaguar.

When the fertile offspring of a male person lion and female jaguar mates with a leopard, the resulting offspring is referred to every bit a leoliguar.^{[ citation needed ]}

Jaguar and tiger hybrids [edit]

Reportedly, at the Altiplano Zoo in the metropolis of San Pablo Apetatlan (near Tlaxcala, México), the crossbreeding of a male Siberian tiger and a female person jaguar^{[8] [ix]} from the southern Chiapas Jungle produced a male tiguar named Mickey. Mickey is on exhibition at a 400 m^two habitat and as of June 2009, was two years one-time and weighed 180 kg (400 lb). Attempts to verify this report accept been bolstered by recent images purported to show the adult Mickey (run into External links section). At that place has been no report of the nascency of a hybrid from a male jaguar and female person tiger, which would be termed a "jagger".^{[ citation needed ]}

A tiguar is an offspring of a male tiger and a jaguaress.

There is a claimed sighting of a king of beasts × black jaguar cantankerous (male) and a tiger × black jaguar cross (female) loose in Maui, Hawaii. There are no authenticated tiger/jaguar hybrids and the description matches that of a liger. The alleged tiger × blackness jaguar was large, relatively long-necked (probably due to lack of a ruff or mane) with both stripes and "jaguar-like" rosettes on its sides. The assertion of hybrid identity was due to the combination of blackness, dark brown, lite brown, dark orange, night yellow and beige markings and the tiger-like stripes radiating from its face. It is more probable to have been a released liger, since these are very large and have a mix of rosettes (lion juvenile markings) and stripes and tin have a brindled mix of colors exactly as described (their markings are extremely variable).^[10]

Leopard and lion hybrids [edit]

A leopon is the effect of breeding a male leopard with a lioness. The head of the animal is similar to that of a king of beasts, while the balance of the trunk carries similarities to leopards. Leopons are very rare.

A lipard or liard is the proper term for a hybrid of a male king of beasts with a leopardess. It is sometimes known as a reverse leopon. The size difference between a male person king of beasts and a leopardess commonly makes their mating difficult.

A lipard was born in Schoenbrunn Zoo, Vienna in 1951.

Another lipard was born in Florence, Italia. It is often erroneously referred to as a leopon. The father was a two-year-old, 250-kg king of beasts, ane.08 m tall at the shoulders and i.8 m long (excluding the tail). The mother was a iii.5-year-one-time leopardess weighing simply 38 kg. The female person cub was built-in overnight on 26/27 Baronial 1982 later an estimated 92–93 days of gestation.

It was born on the grounds of a paper mill near Florence, to a lion and leopardess acquired from a Rome zoo. Their possessor had ii tigers, 2 lions and a leopardess every bit pets, and did not expect or intend them to breed. The lion/leopard hybrid cub came every bit a surprise to the owner, who originally thought the small, spotted beast in the cage was a stray domestic cat.

The female parent began to over-groom the underside of the cub's tail and after flake off its tail. The cub was and so hand-reared. The parents mated again in November 1982, and the king of beasts and leopardess were separated.

They were brought together on Jan. 25, 1983 for photographs, but the lion immediately mounted the leopardess and they had to be separated once again for fear of endangering her avant-garde pregnancy.

The cub had the body conformation of a lion cub with a large head (a lion trait), but a receding forehead (a leopard trait), fawn fur and thick, brown spotting. When it reached five months old, the owner offered it for sale and set nearly trying to breed more.^[eleven]

The male person leopon is a fertile offspring of a male leopard and a female person lion. The fertile female liguar, offspring of a male person lion and female jaguar, is capable of fertilization by a leopon. Their mating, though rare, results in a leopliguar^{[ citation needed ]}.

Leopard and tiger hybrids [edit]

"Dogla" redirects hither. For the Caribbean area people, see Dougla.

The name dogla is a native Indian name used for a supposedly natural hybrid offspring of a male leopard and a tigress, the combination designated leoger in the table above. Indian folklore claims that large male leopards sometimes mate with tigresses, and anecdotal evidence exists in India of offspring resulting from leopard to tigress matings. A supposed dogla was reported in the early 1900s. Many reports probably^{[ citation needed ]} refer to large leopards with intestinal striping or other striped shoulders and bodies of a tiger. One account stated, "On examining it, I found it to be a very old male hybrid. Its head and tail were purely those of a panther Indian leopard, but with the trunk, shoulders, and cervix ruff of a tiger. The blueprint was a combination of rosettes and stripes; the stripes were black, wide and long, though somewhat blurred and tended to intermission up into rosettes. The head was spotted. The stripes predominated over the rosettes." The pelt of this hybrid, if information technology ever existed, was lost. It was supposedly larger than a leopard and, though male, it showed some feminization of features, which might be expected in a sterile male person hybrid.

K Sankhala's book Tiger refers to large, troublesome leopards equally adhabaghera, which he translated equally "bastard", and suggests a leopard/tiger hybrid (the reverse hybrid is unlikely to arise in the wild country, every bit a wild male tiger would probably impale rather than mate with a female leopard). Sankhala noted there was a conventionalities amidst local people that leopards and tigers naturally hybridise.

From "The Tiger, Symbol Of Freedom", edited past Nicholas Courtney: "Rare reports have been fabricated of tigresses mating with leopards in the wild. There has even been an account of the sighting of rosettes; the stripes of the tiger beingness most prominent in the body. The animal was a male person measuring a little over eight feet [2.44 m]." This is the same description as given by Hicks.

The 1951 volume Mammalian Hybrids reported tiger/leopard matings were infertile, producing spontaneously aborted "walnut-sized fetuses".

A tigard is the hybrid offspring of a male tiger and a leopardess. The but known attempts to mate the two accept produced stillborns.

In 1900, Carl Hagenbeck crossed a female leopard with a Bengal tiger. The stillborn offspring had a mixture of spots, rosettes and stripes. Henry Scherren^[12] wrote, "A male person tiger from Penang served two female person Indian leopards, and twice with success. Details are not given and the story concludes somewhat lamely. 'The leopardess dropped her cubs prematurely, the embryos were in the start stage of development and were scarcely as big as young mice.' Of the 2nd leopardess in that location is no mention."

Lion and tiger hybrids [edit]

Tiliger cross of (Panthera leo x Panthera tigris) 10 Panthera tigris

The resulting hybrids that crossbreeding betwixt lions and tigers are known as tigon (/ˈtaɪɡən/) and liger (/ˈlaɪɡə/). The second generation hybrids of liger or tigon are known as liliger, tiliger, litigon and titigon. The tigon (Panthera tigris X leo), also known as tiglon (/ˈtaɪɡlən/) is an offspring of a male tiger (Panthera tigris) and a female lion (King of beasts).^[13] A liger is distinct from tigon (Panthera leo Ten tigris), as a hybrid of female person tiger and male person lion^{[3] [14]}.In case a fertile titigon has crossed between a female person tigard, the hybrid is rare.

Professor Valentine Bond conducted a long ascertainment and recording of some panthera leo-tiger hybrids, those lion-tiger are endemic past Mr. Atkins and his zoo:

	Engagement of birth	place of nativity	number of cubs	corporeality of male cubs	amount of female cubs	longevity
first record	October 24, 1824	Windsor	iii	2	1	one yr
second tape	April 22, 1825	Clapham Common	iii	non recorded	not recorded	short time
third record	Dec 31, 1826	Edinburgh	3	1	2	a few months
quaternary record	October 2, 1828	Windsor	three	i	2	not recorded
fifth tape	May, 1831	Kensington	three	not recorded	not recorded	not recorded
sixth record	July 19, 1833	Liverpool	3	i	2	10 years

The early record lion-tiger hybrid was mainly tigons, in At Dwelling house In The Zoo (1961), Gerald Iles wrote "For the tape I must say that I have never seen a liger, a hybrid obtained past crossing a panthera leo with a tigress. They seem to exist even rarer than tigons."^[15]

Liger

A liger is the offspring between a lion and a tigress, which is larger than its parents because the lion has a growth inhibiting cistron and the tigress, different the lioness, has no growth inhibiting factor.^[sixteen]

Tigon

A tigon is the offspring of a tiger and a lioness.^[sixteen] The tigon is not every bit common as the converse hybrid, the liger. Contrary to some behavior, the tigon ends up smaller than either parent, because male tigers and lionesses have a growth inhibitor. In the late 19th and early on 20th centuries, tigons were more common than ligers.

Liliger

A liliger is the offspring of a king of beasts and a ligress. The first known liliger is a cub named Kiara.^[17]

Litigon

Rudrani, a tigoness from the Alipore Zoo, mated with Debabrata, a male (reportedly) Asiatic lion (but which was after genetically established as a hybrid of the African and Asiatic subspecies of the lion),^[18] and gave nascency to three litigons. Only one litigon cub, named Cubanacan, survived.^[nineteen]

Tiliger

A tiliger is an offspring of a male tiger and a ligress.

Titigon

A titigon is an offspring of a male tiger and a tigoness.

Growth and size [edit]

Typically, the size of a liger is more than likely to exist larger and heavier than all of other existing feline animals. Some biologists believe that the causes of its irregular large size, or 'gigantism', event from the lack of sure genes that limit the growth of lions. The male lion'south genes tend to maximize the growth of its progeny, as the larger size represents greater competitiveness, and so that the male person lions could compete with other male lions. In order to command the size of the offspring within a certain range, the gene of the lioness volition offset the growth-maximizing cistron of the male lion. The genes of a female person tiger, however, are not adapted to limiting growth, which allows ligers to grow extremely large—far more larger and heavier than its parent species. In general, most ligers grow more than iii.3 meters (10.viii feet) in length and counterbalance more than than 400 kg (900 pounds).^[iii] According to the Guinness world records (through 2013), the largest feline was the developed male liger, Hercules, from Myrtle Beach Safari, a wildlife reserve in South Carolina, USA. He was measured at 3.33 m (131 in), stands 1.25 grand (49 in) at the shoulder, and weighs 418.2 kg (922 lb). Hercules eats approximately 13.6 kg (30 lb) of meat per day, and drinks several liters of h2o per 24-hour interval.^[20]

Tigons too have growth dysplasia, however inversely. They are smaller than the members of the parents species and counterbalance less than 150 kg. A tigon is approximately twice as light as liger.

Dissimilar ligers, tigons are cantankerous between a male person tiger and a female king of beasts, the absence of growth-maximizing genes from the male lion causing them to grow smaller.^[21]

Appearance [edit]

Ligers and tigons look but like their parents, only bigger or smaller. They have huge teeth, about two inches long. Their genes include the genetic components of tigers and lions, therefore, they may be very like to tigers and lions, and can exist difficult to identify. Their coloring ranges from gold to dark-brown to white, and they may take or not have spots or stripes. An adult male liger commonly has a smaller mane than a male person panthera leo.

Longevity [edit]

A liger called Samson died at the age of 13 in 2006. Shasta, a female person liger, was born in the Hogle Zoo in Salt Lake City in 1948, and died in 1972. She lived for 24 years. Many claim that ligers are short-lived, but according to the survey, such a conclusion is still uncertain.^[22] A male person tigon owned by Atkins built-in on July 19, 1833, lived for 10 years.^[14]

Fertility [edit]

Guggisberg said liger and tigon were thought to be invariably sterile, which means they cannot have offspring. The start hybrid of a hybrid (that being a child of liger) was discovered at the Munich-Hellabrunn Zoo in 1943.^[13] The nascence of the 2d generation of hybrids has proven that the biologists' knowledge of tigon and liger was incorrect; It now seems that only male king of beasts-tiger hybrids are invariably sterile; while female person hybrids tin can give birth equally other Panthera animals besides.

Zoo animals [edit]

By 2017 roughly more than 100 ligers were idea to exist, just only a few tigons withal exist since they are more difficult to brood. Moreover, ligers are more likely to concenter tourists, and so zoos prefer to breed ligers equally opposed to tigons.

Some zoos claim they breed ligers or tigons for conservation, simply opponents believe that information technology is meaningless to preserve a species that does not exist in the wild.^[23]

Encounter also [edit]

• Felid hybrid
• Pumapard

References [edit]

1. ^ Li, G.; Davis, B.W.; Eizirik, East.; Murphy, Westward.J. (2016). "Phylogenomic show for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)". Genome Research. 26 (ane): i–eleven. doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114. PMC4691742. PMID 26518481.
2. ^ "Ligers and Tigons, Oh My! Cat Lineage Littered with Interbreeding". Livescience.com. 2016-01-15. Retrieved 2016-04-06 .
3. ^ ^{a b c} "liger | Size & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 2019-05-13 .
4. ^ "Panthera Hybrid - Trivia Mania". Trivia Mania. Archived from the original on April 8, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
5. ^ *H. Windischbauer, Hellbrun Zoo (1968)
6. ^ The Field no. 2887, April 25, 1908, Henry Scherren: "In a newspaper on the convenance of the larger Felidae in captivity (P.Z.S. [Proceedings of the Zoological Society], 1861, p. 140),
7. ^ Zoolog. Gart., 1861, vii
8. ^ Baker, Taxonomy, pp. 5–7.
9. ^ Seymour, Grand.Fifty. (1989). "Panthera onca" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 340 (340): one–9. doi:ten.2307/3504096. JSTOR 3504096. Retrieved 2015-09-09 .
10. ^ "HYBRIDS BETWEEN JAGUARS AND TIGERS". Messybeast.com . Retrieved 2016-04-06 .
11. ^ "Nascence of a Lion × Leopard Hybrid in Italy" (PDF). International-Zoo-News. March 1983. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-22. Retrieved 2015-01-xi .
12. ^ In The Field no. 2887, April 25, 1908,
13. ^ ^{a b} Guggisberg, C. A. W. (1975). Wild Cats of the Earth.
14. ^ ^{a b} Sharpe, Bowdler (1897). Lloyds Natural History. London, Edward Llyod. p. 45.
15. ^ Ile, Gerald (1961). At Domicile In The Zoo.
16. ^ ^{a b} Shi, W. (2005). "Hybrid dysgenesis effects". Growth and Behaviour: Epigenetic and Genetic Factors Involved in Hybrid Dysgenesis (PDF) (PhD). Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Scientific discipline and Technology. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. p. 8–10.
17. ^ "Ligerungar – en världssensation". Dagens Nyheter. three August 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013. ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
18. ^ Shankaranarayanan, P. et al. "Genetic variation in Asiatic lions and Indian tigers". Electrophoresis eighteen, 1693–1700 (1997)
19. ^ "The litigon rediscovered". Nature Bharat. 2017. doi:ten.1038/nindia.2017.46.
20. ^ "Largest living cat". Guinness World Records . Retrieved 2019-05-13 .
21. ^ "The Liger – Encounter the Globe'south Largest Cat". Retrieved 2019-05-13 .
22. ^ "Liger dies at sanctuary". Black Hills Pioneer.
23. ^ "The confusing globe of the Liger". wildlifewaystation.org . Retrieved 2019-05-17 .

External links [edit]

• Hybrid Large Cats.
• Detailed information on hybridisation in big cats. Includes tiglons, ligers, leopons and others.
• Photograph of Mickey the Tiguar, along with images of other Panthera hybrids (in Spanish)
• Karl Shuker's Tiguar site, containing what may be a video of Mickey the Tiguar

solomonleold1941.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthera_hybrid